Environmentally Aware Printing – Types of Adhesives (continued) – 18th March 2010

Many companies worldwide are investing and will be investing significant amounts in the recycling issue; some of the adhesive manufacturers’ approaches having been highlighted here.

It is strongly apparent that if significant progress is to be made then all interested parties must work together in order to reach mutually acceptable goals and standards. These programmes must therefore demand the commitment of industry research organisations, adhesive manufacturers, recycling mills and a host of other co-suppliers and users in the industry if they are to succeed.

One must never lose sight of the end product, i.e. a book or magazine and its user’s expectations of that product.

Whilst the driving forces for recycling of books and adhesives is becoming stronger, customer’s expectations of adhesive performance have not diminished and key parameters such as page retention, flexibility, heat and cold resistance must be retained. We are, however, coming close to releasing quality and adhesive performance.

Peter Harrison is Joint Managing Director of The Printing House Ltd, and Print Buying Direct of Crewe, Cheshire, UK.

NEW: We now sell Large Poster Printing and Banner printing online (A1 Posters, A0 Posters etc) and Banner Stands.

Also – checkout our new online print prices Print Buying Direct are UK market Leaders in Leaflet Printing | Brochure Printing. For more free articles on Printing and Graphic Design see our Online Printing | Print Buying Direct Website. For more information on printing and graphic design please see some of our recent blog articles;

• Environmentally Aware Printing – Types of Adhesives (continued)
• Environmentally Aware Printing – Types of Adhesives (continued) – 11th March 2010
• Environmentally Aware Printing – Types of Adhesives (continued)
• Environmentally Aware Printing – Types of Adhesives (continued)
• Environmentally Aware Printing – Types of Adhesives – part 3

Print Buying Direct is the online division and a Trading Name of The Printing House Ltd. One of the UK’s leading quality printing companies for graphic design, short run, long run and large format colour printing. Based in Crewe, Cheshire (Cheshire Printers), in the North West of England – delivering to customers across the UK and Ireland.

NEW Product Alert – we now sell Exhibition Stands, Pop Up display stands and A Boards

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Environmentally Aware Printing – Types of Adhesives (continued) – 17th March 2010

Other areas of interest to the industry where considerable investments are being made are those of composting and biodegradability. Work on composting hot melt adhesives has indicated that formulations can be engineered so that their degradability in soil is maximised. The rate and mode of degradation can be altered by careful selection of the appropriate raw materials. The quality of the final compost in tests conducted has not been negatively influenced by the addition of hot melt adhesive.

To accelerate the degradation process, a significant amount of work has been done and will be done on biodegradable polymers and adhesives which are not based on traditional raw materials.

Starch-based hot melts have proven, most recently, to be effective in this area and patented technology now exists for these materials, indicating that traditional problems have thermal stability and formulating compatibility have been overcome. It is anticipated that use of this technology will expand across the industry shortly. A key aspect here is that the starch is derived from freely available renewable sources, thus improving its ‘friendliness’ in environmental terms.

To be continued…

Peter Harrison is Joint Managing Director of The Printing House Ltd, and Print Buying Direct of Crewe, Cheshire, UK.

NEW: We now sell Large Poster Printing and Banner printing online (A1 Posters, A0 Posters etc) and Banner Stands.

Also – checkout our new online print prices Print Buying Direct are UK market Leaders in Leaflet Printing | Brochure Printing. For more free articles on Printing and Graphic Design see our Online Printing | Print Buying Direct Website. For more information on printing and graphic design please see some of our recent blog articles;

• Environmentally Aware Printing – Types of Adhesives (continued) – 11th March 2010
• Environmentally Aware Printing – Types of Adhesives (continued)
• Environmentally Aware Printing – Types of Adhesives (continued)
• Environmentally Aware Printing – Types of Adhesives – part 3
• Environmentally Aware Printing – Types of adhesives – part 2

Print Buying Direct is the online division and a Trading Name of The Printing House Ltd. One of the UK’s leading quality printing companies for graphic design, short run, long run and large format colour printing. Based in Crewe, Cheshire (Cheshire Printers), in the North West of England – delivering to customers across the UK and Ireland.

NEW Product Alert – we now sell Exhibition Stands, Pop Up display stands and A Boards

See our other websites The Printing House, Print Buying Direct, Prospectus printing, Golf Club Centenary Books, Online printing, Printers in Oxford

See Our Latest Press Release about our Web to Print Solution.  See us on the RED TIE Web to Print site

Environmentally Aware Printing – Types of Adhesives (continued) – 16th March 2010
Future work
In the short term in Europe emphasis will be given to approving and commissioning 100% filterable hot melts in order to minimise problems at the mill and maintain/ improve finished product quality. The only product found to meet all the requirements currently is the reactive hot melt already described.

This, of course, does not give us a truly recyclable adhesive but it allows the finished product to be recycled in a ‘safer’ fashion and at the moment this is regarded as a step forward.

Research into the area of dispersible products will continue but this work needs to take a somewhat new direction with the increasing popularity of closed loop systems and restrictive disposal legislation. A water-dispersible product must be 100% dispersed in the pulping system and be carried through to the finished paper with 100% retention on the fibres, without any detrimental effect on paper properties. In fact, the ultimate goal would be to incorporate the adhesive into the paper to give some positive benefit. The adhesive may then be considered totally recyclable. Looking at the alternative definition of recyclable given at the start if this paper, re-use of the adhesive should be investigated; not necessarily as the same adhesive as a binder or filler.

To be continued…

Peter Harrison is Joint Managing Director of The Printing House Ltd, and Print Buying Direct of Crewe, Cheshire, UK.

NEW: We now sell Large Poster Printing and Banner printing online (A1 Posters, A0 Posters etc) and Banner Stands

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• Environmentally Aware Printing – Types of Adhesives (continued) – 11th March 2010
• Environmentally Aware Printing – Types of Adhesives (continued)
• Environmentally Aware Printing – Types of Adhesives (continued)
• Environmentally Aware Printing – Types of Adhesives – part 3
• Environmentally Aware Printing – Types of adhesives – part 2

Print Buying Direct is the online division and a Trading Name of The Printing House Ltd. One of the UK’s leading quality printing companies for graphic design, short run, long run and large format colour printing. Based in Crewe, Cheshire (Cheshire Printers), in the North West of England – delivering to customers across the UK and Ireland.

NEW Product Alert – we now sell Exhibition Stands, Pop Up display stands and A Boards

See our other websites The Printing House, Print Buying Direct, Prospectus printing, Golf Club Centenary Books, Online printing, Printers in Oxford

See Our Latest Press Release about our Web to Print Solution. See us on the RED TIE Web to Print site

Environmentally Aware Printing – Types of Adhesives (continued) – 11th March 2010
d) Reactive hot melts adhesives

Undoubtedly one of the most likely technologies to have an impact in the replacement of solvent-based products and recyclability in general is that of reactive hot melt adhesives.

Conventional hot melts are made of relatively low molecular weight thermoplastic materials, to ensure melting and application at moderate temperatures. This leads to obvious limitations with heat resistance and strength which can be exploited in the high temperature, high shear repulping process giving rise to small average particle size.

To overcome this, moisture-curing polyurethane hot melts have been developed utilising a cross-linking reaction which raises heat resistance and strength to previously unattainable levels whilst maintaining flexibility and low temperature adhesion. This unusual blend of properties makes this type of product ideal for recycling purposes since the high cohesive strength and excellent flexibility allows the product to remain intact rather than deforming/ breaking down under heat and shear to be forced through screens or shattering as a hard, highly cohesive conventional hot melt might.

Laboratory work on these products suggests that the adhesive does indeed remain as a discrete film and is filtered out completely in the process. These laboratory results have been borne out in typical recycling mills where complete spines of directories/ books have been removed at the first coarse screening stage, with no trace of the adhesive further down the line.

This approach is gaining in mills from a safety viewpoint since there is little or no chance of adhesive contamination in the papermaking process. The technique obviously still involves disposal of the rejected adhesive, probably in landfill, but the amount compared with conventional hot melts is halved.

To be continued…

Peter Harrison is Joint Managing Director of The Printing House Ltd, and Print Buying Direct of Crewe, Cheshire, UK.

NEW: We now sell Large Poster Printing and Banner printing online (A1 Posters, A0 Posters etc) and Banner Stands

Also – checkout our new online print prices Print Buying Direct are UK market Leaders in Leaflet Printing | Brochure Printing. For more free articles on Printing and Graphic Design see our Online Printing | Print Buying Direct Website. For more information on printing and graphic design please see some of our recent blog articles;

• Environmentally Aware Printing – Types of Adhesives (continued)
• Environmentally Aware Printing – Types of Adhesives (continued)
• Environmentally Aware Printing – Types of Adhesives – part 3
• Environmentally Aware Printing – Types of adhesives – part 2
• Environmentally Aware Printing – Types of adhesives – part 1

Print Buying Direct is the online division and a Trading Name of The Printing House Ltd. One of the UK’s leading quality printing companies for graphic design, short run, long run and large format colour printing. Based in Crewe, Cheshire (Cheshire Printers), in the North West of England – delivering to customers across the UK and Ireland.

NEW Product Alert – we now sell Exhibition Stands, Pop Up display stands and A Boards

See our other websites The Printing House, Print Buying Direct, Prospectus printing, Golf Club Centenary Books, Online printing, Printers in Oxford

See Our Latest Press Release about our Web to Print Solution. See us on the RED TIE Web to Print site

Environmentally Aware Printing - Types of Adhesives (continued) – 10th March 2010
C) Water-dispersible hot melt polymers (continued)

The vinyl monomers used in the vinyl/ graft copolymers may be acrylates or vinyl acetate and the grafted component (s) are hydrophilic in nature. Adjustment of copolymer or graft component type or concentration leads, to a range of compositions with varying glass transition temperature, molecular weight and water sensitivity.

These types of copolymers do not suffer from the inherent oxidative and thermal stability problems of other dispersible systems. Water sensitivity and dispersibility are key factors in the performance of such a product and, using Tappi UM 666, it can be seen that the graft copolymer is significantly more dispersible than standard polyethylene-based hot melt. It is also seen that increasing the processing temperature or the hydrophilic component concentration increases the water sensitivity of the polymers.

Products based on this vinyl graft technology have been developed for a variety of applications including bag making, roll wrap, bookbinding and case/ carton sealing. Laboratory scale tests and trials at recycling mills around the world have revealed excellent results with regards to dispersibility and recyclability. Under the right conditions the product has been proven to be totally dispersible with a large percentage of adhesive by weight (more than 20%) being incorporated into the paper with no adverse effects or stickie problems.

A question of backwater saturation still remains in closed loop systems but calculations indicate that saturation cycle at typical addition levels is several months. This is probably comparable with the usual cleaning cycle in a mill and would therefore not cause significant problems.

To be continued…

Peter Harrison is Joint Managing Director of The Printing House Ltd, and Print Buying Direct of Crewe, Cheshire, UK.

NEW: We now sell Large Poster Printing and Banner printing online (A1 Posters, A0 Posters etc) and Banner Stands

Also – checkout our new online print prices Print Buying Direct are UK market Leaders in Leaflet Printing | Brochure Printing. For more free articles on Printing and Graphic Design see our Online Printing | Print Buying Direct Website. For more information on printing and graphic design please see some of our recent blog articles;

• Environmentally Aware Printing – Types of Adhesives (continued)
• Environmentally Aware Printing – Types of Adhesives – part 3
• Environmentally Aware Printing – Types of adhesives – part 2
• Environmentally Aware Printing – Types of adhesives – part 1
• Environmentally Aware Printing – Dealing with the stickies problem Part 4

Print Buying Direct is the online division and a Trading Name of The Printing House Ltd. One of the UK’s leading quality printing companies for graphic design, short run, long run and large format colour printing. Based in Crewe, Cheshire (Cheshire Printers), in the North West of England – delivering to customers across the UK and Ireland.

See our other websites The Printing House, Print Buying Direct, Prospectus printing, Golf Club Centenary Books, Online printing, Printers in Oxford

See Our Latest Press Release about our Web to Print Solution. See us on the RED TIE Web to Print site

Environmentally Aware Printing – Types of Adhesives (continued) – 9th March 2010
C) Water-dispersible hot melt polymers

A wealth of literature exists describing supposedly water-dispersible or soluble polymers which can be used as adhesive bases for a range of market applications. Polymers such as functionalised polyesters, acrylic acid homopolymers/ copolymers, vinyl methyl ethers, maleic anhydride/ acids, polyvinyl alcohols and vinyl-pyrolidone copolymers are among those investigated, but such polymers from inherent problems which are usually related to the thermal and oxidative stability of the product during manufacture/ application and/ or the water sensitivity/ humidity resistance of the glue film when applied. Obviously, poor humidity resistance could give rise to a rapidly degradable spine if used in a bookbinding application.

To overcome these problems, patented technology has emerged where hot melt adhesives are based on a unique class of graft copolymers of various vinyl monomers. These products can be considered as dispersible in the mill system under shear; pH and temperature but remain stable to moisture at ambient temperatures.

Rather than forming tacky agglomerates and therefore stickies, the finely divided particles of the vinyl graft copolymer-based hot melt may then become incorporated into the reclaimed paper without any adverse effects.

To be continued…

Peter Harrison is Joint Managing Director of The Printing House Ltd, and Print Buying Direct of Crewe, Cheshire, UK.

NEW: We now sell Large Poster Printing and Banner printing online (A1 Posters, A0 Posters etc) and Banner Stands

Also – checkout our new online print prices Print Buying Direct are UK market Leaders in Leaflet Printing | Brochure Printing. For more free articles on Printing and Graphic Design see our Online Printing | Print Buying Direct Website. For more information on printing and graphic design please see some of our recent blog articles;

• Environmentally Aware Printing – Types of Adhesives – part 3
• Environmentally Aware Printing – Types of adhesives – part 2
• Environmentally Aware Printing – Types of adhesives – part 1
• Environmentally Aware Printing – Dealing with the stickies problem Part 4
• Environmentally Aware Printing – Dealing with the stickies problem Part 3

Print Buying Direct is the online division and a Trading Name of The Printing House Ltd. One of the UK’s leading quality printing companies for graphic design, short run, long run and large format colour printing. Based in Crewe, Cheshire (Cheshire Printers), in the North West of England – delivering to customers across the UK and Ireland.

See our other websites The Printing House, Print Buying Direct, Prospectus printing, Golf Club Centenary Books

See Our Latest Press Release about our Web to Print Solution.

Environmentally Aware Printing – Types of Adhesives – part 3 – 8th March 2010

3. Hot melts

a)    EVA-based hot melts.

Hot melt adhesives based on conventional synthetic polymers such as ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) represent a potentially significant source of contamination in the recycling process. Such adhesives generally soften and partially disintegrate but do not disperse under the influence of temperature and shear. Contamination can originate from anywhere in the adhesive composition, i.e. polymer, wax, pigment, plasticiser or resin.

These EVA-based hot melts are removed reasonably efficiently by modern mill systems, indeed in some cases relatively soft, low melting point adhesives can be used without problems due to the effectiveness of the screening, cleaning and dispersing systems.

Unfortunately, in many mills which have limited cleaning capacity and/or a high attrition pulping phase, small particles of adhesives can find their way into the high finished product already described. An interesting and somewhat disturbing thought is that less than 1kg of adhesives can totally ruin over 100 tonnes of stock unless adequate precautions are taken.

Acceptability standards for conventional hot melts vary widely in different countries and within different mills.  This is related to be varying mill systems and wide range of difficult test employed. Requirements and standards also differ depending on whether paper recycling or board recycling is the issue.

Higher cohesive strength EVA-based hot melts are available which optimise the strength/ flexibility balance in order to maximise filterability and minimise risk of stickie contamination but these will only really be effective in low attrition systems.

b)    Acrylic/ pressure sensitive adhesive systems

As previously stated, the term ‘stickies’ was originally used to refer to pressure sensitive adhesives in the papermaking process. In one sense these types of materials have the potential to cause significant problems in that they are likely to be permanently tacky (if they remain intact) and do not need heat reactivation. Having said this, most of the methods described for removal of conventional EVA hot melts can also be applied to pressure sensitive adhesives (PSA), i.e. chemical and/ or mechanical treatment.

Work has shown that if the PSA product has the right balance of cohesive strength and flexibility, then screening is relatively simple, as with EVA based products. Both high-cohesive, cross-linked (by radiation curing) and water-dispersible PSA products have been developed which are potentially beneficial to the recycling process.

Peter Harrison is Joint Managing Director of The Printing House Ltd, and Print Buying Direct of Crewe, Cheshire, UK.

NEW: We now sell Large Poster Printing and Banner printing online (A1 Posters, A0 Posters etc) and Banner Stands

Also – checkout our new online print prices Print Buying Direct are UK market Leaders in Leaflet Printing | Brochure Printing. For more free articles on Printing and Graphic Design see our Online Printing | Print Buying Direct Website. For more information on printing and graphic design please see some of our recent blog articles;

• Environmentally Aware Printing – Types of adhesives – part 2
• Environmentally Aware Printing – Types of adhesives – part 1
• Environmentally Aware Printing – Dealing with the stickies problem Part 4
• Environmentally Aware Printing – Dealing with the stickies problem Part 3
• Environmentally Aware Printing – Dealing with the stickies problem Part 2

Print Buying Direct is the online division and a Trading Name of The Printing House Ltd. One of the UK’s leading quality printing companies for graphic design, short run, long run and large format colour printing. Based in Crewe, Cheshire (Cheshire Printers), in the North West of England – delivering to customers across the UK and Ireland.

See our other websites The Printing House, Print Buying Direct, Prospectus printing, Golf Club Centenary Books

See Our Latest Press Release about our Web to Print Solution.

Environmentally Aware Printing – Types of adhesives – part 2 – 5th March 2010

2. Animal glue

Animal based adhesives have been used reasonably successfully for some time in the bookbinding industry and in recent times have been favoured on the grounds of water solubility. This type of adhesive suffers from inherent problems which are of significance to both the converter and the mill.

Relatively slow production speeds, limited moisture and heat stability capital outlay for specialised equipment are not attractive to the binders. Problems for the mill are related to the fact that the adhesive is effectively a protein which will have a high biological oxygen demand (BOD). This will have an adverse affect on bacteria in effluent disposal systems.

Another factory worth mentioning, which is sometimes overlooked, is that of ethnic minority and animal rights groups who abhor the use of animal by products.

Peter Harrison is Joint Managing Director of The Printing House Ltd, and Print Buying Direct of Crewe, Cheshire, UK.

NEW: We now sell Large Poster Printing and Banner printing online (A1 Posters, A0 Posters etc) and Banner Stands

Also – checkout our new online print prices Print Buying Direct are UK market Leaders in Leaflet Printing | Brochure Printing. For more free articles on Printing and Graphic Design see our Online Printing | Print Buying Direct Website. For more information on printing and graphic design please see some of our recent blog articles;

• Environmentally Aware Printing – Types of adhesives – part 1
• Environmentally Aware Printing – Dealing with the stickies problem Part 4
• Environmentally Aware Printing – Dealing with the stickies problem Part 3
• Environmentally Aware Printing – Dealing with the stickies problem Part 2
• Environmentally Aware Printing – Dealing with the stickies problem – Part 1

Print Buying Direct is the online division and a Trading Name of The Printing House Ltd. One of the UK’s leading quality printing companies for graphic design, short run, long run and large format colour printing. Based in Crewe, Cheshire (Cheshire Printers), in the North West of England – delivering to customers across the UK and Ireland.

See our other websites The Printing House, Print Buying Direct, Prospectus printing, Golf Club Centenary Books

See Our Latest Press Release about our Web to Print Solution.

Environmentally Aware Printing

Dealing with the stickies problem – Part 1

Consumers and therefore the industry will not accept lowering of finished product standards and at the same time there is a clearly identified need to increase the waste/ virgin stock usage ratio. This means that dealing with contraries satisfactorily in recycling will become an increasingly important issue. As concentrations increase, control and removal efficiency of contraries must be improved in order to take advantage of the commercial opportunities presented.
The typical repulping mill will contain a vast array of contraries in the system and, certainly in the newer mills, an associated complex system of methods either to remove or minimise the effects of these impurities. It is fair to say that in many mills permanently high background levels of contraries exist, but these are known and controllable. This perhaps highlights the impact of non-adhesive entities such as pigments, fillers, plastic films etc. adhesives, however, in the form of ‘stickies’, still constitute the major problem in most mills.

Traditionally, the term stickies has been applied to permanently tacky pressure sensitive adhesives but has latterly encompassed all adhesives types which are considered reactivatible at elevated temperatures. In some cases the intrinsic tack of the adhesive may be non-existent or acceptably low, but complexed with components of other coatings and/ or chemical paper additives, the adhesives components may be chemically activated. Common constituents of adhesives and therefore stickies are ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA), polyvinyl acetate (PVA), acrylic and styrene containing polymers. Deposits will often contain rosin or rosin-based tackifying resins but it is not always clear whether it originates from the adhesives or waste paper fibres themselves.

If the stickie particles remain in the solid form during processing they are comparatively easy to deal with using the sophisticated screening systems of modern mills. However, if the particle is soluble or colloidal in nature, it becomes more difficult to handle.

Peter Harrison is Joint Managing Director of The Printing House Ltd, and Print Buying Direct of Crewe, Cheshire, UK.

NEW: We now sell Large Poster Printing online (A1 Posters, A0 Posters etc) and Banner Stands

Also – checkout our new online print prices Print Buying Direct are UK market Leaders in Leaflet Printing | Brochure Printing. For more free articles on Printing and Graphic Design see our Online Printing | Print Buying Direct Website. For more information on printing and graphic design please see some of our recent blog articles;

• Environmentally Aware Printing – Definition of recyclability of Adhesives
• Environmentally Aware Printing – Inks | Adhesives | Bookbinding adhesives
• Environmentally Aware Printing – Adjusting to alcohol free printing
• Environmentally Aware Printing – Alcohol free benefits
• Environmentally Aware Printing – Alcohol in fount solvents

Print Buying Direct is the online division and a Trading Name of The Printing House Ltd. One of the UK’s leading quality printing companies for short run, long run and wide format colour printing. Based in Crewe, Cheshire, in the North West of England – delivering to customers across the UK and Ireland.

Also see our other websites The Printing House, Print Buying Direct, Prospectus printing, Golf Club Centenary Books

Environmentally Aware Printing – Adjusting to alcohol free printing – 10th February 2010
On some occasions, the alcohol substitute can be introduced without any changes to conditions and settings but there are some important press variables that can contribute to successful alcohol-free printing.

• Damping system rubber rollers need to be softer than would normally be run with alcohol. A Shore A durometer hardness of 18 to 22 is recommended.
• Lighter settings between chrome and form rollers may help in keeping damper settings low.
• The performance of crowned metering roller systems, such as Alcolor 2, is frequently improved if the crown is reduced or eliminated.
• Dosage control is extremely important but the optimum dosage cannot be determined ahead of time. Start at the lower end of the recommended range and increase by small increments until optimum performance is achieved.
• In situations where a one-step product does not perform satisfactorily within its dosage range, the use of additional alcohol substitutes of the two-step type may be indicated.
• Experience shows that one of the key contributors to the successful introduction of alcohol substitutes is to keep an open mind about the best conditions and have a full discussion of the plans with the machine operators.
• The ink is a most important part of the success equation. Inks have changed a great deal over the last 10 years and many of the changes have been to provide inks that will run with alcohol substitutes. Let the ink supplier know that alcohol is being eliminated.

As litho printers become more familiar with the use of alcohol substitutes, the benefits of improved print quality reduced running costs and safer and more pleasant working conditions will be added to the protection of the environment.

The forthcoming EC directive on VOC emissions is likely to require that fugitive emissions from web-fed printing processes (that is, the proportion of solvent emitted into the atmosphere and not retained in the paper, recovered or incinerated) are kept below 25%. These solvents, of course, stem much more from fount solutions and wash-up chemicals than from inks.

It is sometimes suggested that too much fuss is made about the safety and environmental impact of many thinks, including pressroom chemicals. It is not unusual to hear ‘I’ve been in the print all my life and they’ve done me no harm’. What are sometimes overlooked are the people who have left the industry because of respiratory or skin problems. Whatever the individual views are, there is no doubt that legislative pressures will continue to force the use of more acceptable pressroom chemicals.

Peter Harrison is Joint Managing Director of The Printing House Ltd, and Print Buying Direct of Crewe, Cheshire, UK.

NEW: We now sell Large Poster Printing online (A1 Posters, A0 Posters etc) and Banner Stands

Also – checkout our new online print prices Print Buying Direct are UK market Leaders in Leaflet Printing | Brochure Printing. For more free articles on Printing and Graphic Design see our Online Printing | Print Buying Direct Website. For more information on printing and graphic design please see some of our recent blog articles;

• Environmentally Aware Printing – Alcohol free benefits
  
• Environmentally Aware Printing – Alcohol in fount solvents
• Environmentally Aware Printing – Citrus-based washes
• Environmentally Aware Printing – Chemicals in the pressroom
• Environmentally Aware Printing – Getting rid of empty ink containers – 3rd February 2010

Print Buying Direct is the online division and a Trading Name of The Printing House Ltd. One of the UK’s leading quality printing companies for short run, long run and wide format colour printing. Based in Crewe, Cheshire, in the North West of England – delivering to customers across the UK and Ireland.

Also see our other websites The Printing House, Print Buying Direct, Prospectus printing, Golf Club Centenary Books